在很多的时候,我们会在数据库的表中设置一个字段:ID,这个ID是一个IDENTITY,也就是说这是一个自增ID。当并发量很大并且这个字段不是主键的时候,就有可能会让这个值重复;或者在某些情况(例如插入数据的时候出错,或者是用户使用了Delete删除了记录)下会让ID值不是连续的,比如1,2,3,5,6,7,10,那么在中间就断了几个数据,那么我们希望能在数据中找出这些相关的记录,我希望找出的记录是3,5,7,10,通过这些记录可以查看这些记录的规律来分析或者统计;又或者我需要知道那些ID值是没有的:4,8,9。
解决办法的核心思想是: 获取到当前记录的下一条记录的ID值,再判断这两个ID值是否差值为1,如果不为1那就表示数据不连续了。
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执行下面的语句生成测试表和测试记录
-- 生成测试数据 if exists ( select * from sysobjects where id = OBJECT_ID ( ' [t_IDNotContinuous] ' ) and OBJECTPROPERTY (id, ' IsUserTable ' ) = 1 ) DROP TABLE [ t_IDNotContinuous ] CREATE TABLE [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ( [ ID ] [ int ] IDENTITY ( 1 , 1 ) NOT NULL , [ ValuesString ] [ nchar ] ( 10 ) NULL ) SET IDENTITY_INSERT [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ON INSERT [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ( [ ID ] , [ ValuesString ] ) VALUES ( 1 , ' test ' ) INSERT [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ( [ ID ] , [ ValuesString ] ) VALUES ( 2 , ' test ' ) INSERT [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ( [ ID ] , [ ValuesString ] ) VALUES ( 3 , ' test ' ) INSERT [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ( [ ID ] , [ ValuesString ] ) VALUES ( 5 , ' test ' ) INSERT [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ( [ ID ] , [ ValuesString ] ) VALUES ( 6 , ' test ' ) INSERT [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ( [ ID ] , [ ValuesString ] ) VALUES ( 7 , ' test ' ) INSERT [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ( [ ID ] , [ ValuesString ] ) VALUES ( 10 , ' test ' ) SET IDENTITY_INSERT [ t_IDNotContinuous ] OFF select * from [ t_IDNotContinuous ]
(图1:测试表)
-- 拿到当前记录的下一个记录进行连接 select ID,new_ID into [ t_IDNotContinuous_temp ] from ( select ID,new_ID = ( select top 1 ID from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] where ID = ( select min (ID) from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] where ID > a.ID)) from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] as a) as b select * from [ t_IDNotContinuous_temp ]
(图2:错位记录)
-- 不连续的前前后后记录 select * from [ t_IDNotContinuous_temp ] where ID <> new_ID - 1 -- 查询原始记录 select a. * from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] as a inner join ( select * from [ t_IDNotContinuous_temp ] where ID <> new_ID - 1 ) as b on a.ID >= b.ID and a.ID <= b.new_ID order by a.ID
(图3:效果)
补充1:如果这个ID字段不是主键,那么就会有ID值重复的情况(有可能是一些误操作,之前就有遇到过)那么就需要top 1来处理。但是当前这种情况下可以使用下面的简化语句:(这些感谢)
select a.id as oid, nid = ( select min (id) from t_IDNotContinuous b where b.id > a.id) from t_IDNotContinuous a
补充2:缺失ID值列表,参考文献(这些感谢)
-- 方法一:找出上一条记录+1,再比较大小 select ( select max (id) + 1 from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] where id < a.id) as beginId,(id - 1 ) as endId from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] a where a.id > ( select max (id) + 1 from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] where id < a.id)
(图4:效果)
-- 方法二:全部+1,再判断在原来记录中找不到 select beginId,( select min (id) - 1 from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] where id > beginId) as endId from ( select id + 1 as beginId from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] where id + 1 not in ( select id from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ) and id < ( select max (id) from [ t_IDNotContinuous ] ) ) as t
参考文献:
(逻辑:找出相同值的某段范围,再统计个数)